The Advancement of the Keylogger

A keylogger is a program that runs in your computer’s
background secretly recording all your keystrokes. Once
your keystrokes are logged, they are hidden away for later
retrieval by the attacker. The attacker then carefully
reviews the information in hopes of finding passwords or
other information that would prove useful to them.  For
example, a keylogger can easily obtain confidential emails
and reveal them to any interested outside party willing to
pay for the information. 

Keyloggers can be either software or hardware based.
Software-based keyloggers are easy to distribute and
infect, but at the same time are more easily detectable.
Hardware-based keyloggers are more complex and harder to
detect.  For all that you know, your keyboard could have a
keylogger chip attached and anything being typed is
recorded into a flash memory sitting inside your keyboard.
Keyloggers have become one of the most powerful
applications used for gathering information in a world
where encrypted traffic is becoming more and more common.

As keyloggers become more advanced, the ability to detect
them becomes more difficult. They can violate a user’s
privacy for months, or even years, without being noticed. 
During that time frame, a keylogger can collect a lot of
information about the user it is monitoring.  A keylogger
can potential obtain not only passwords and log-in names,
but credit card numbers, bank account details, contacts,
interests, web browsing habits, and much more.  All this
collected information can be used to steal user’s personal
documents, money, or even their identity. 

A keylogger might be as simple as an .exe and a .dll that
is placed in a computer and activated upon boot up via an
entry in the registry. Or, the more sophisticated
keyloggers, such as the Perfect Keylogger or ProBot
Activity Monitor have developed a full line of nasty
abilities including:

· Undetectable in the process list and invisible in
   operation
· A kernel keylogger driver that captures keystrokes even
  when the user is logged off
· A remote deployment wizard
· The ability to create text snapshots of active
  applications
· The ability to capture http post data (including log-
   ins/passwords)
· The ability to timestamp record workstation usage
· HTML and text log file export
· Automatic e-mail log file delivery

All keyloggers are not used for illegal purposes.  A
variety of other uses have surfaced.  Keyloggers have been
used to monitor web sites visited as a means of parental
control over children. They have been actively used to
prevent child pornography and avoid children coming in
contact with dangerous elements on the web.  Additionally,
in December, 2001, a federal court ruled that the FBI did
not need a special wiretap order to place a keystroke
logging device on a suspect’s computer. The judge allowed
the FBI to keep details of its key logging device secret
(citing national security concerns). The defendant in the
case, Nicodemo Scarfo Jr., indicted for gambling and loan-
sharking, used encryption to protect a file on his
computer. The FBI used the keystroke logging device to
capture Scarfo’s password and gain access to the needed file.

Protect Your PC and Privacy

You may think that you are reasonably safe as you surf the net, but windows has many gaping flaws that do not protect your privacy, and it it far too easy for a hacker to gain access to your privacy and others to harness your ISP etc.  There are some simple steps outlined below which will allow you to surf much safer, as well as guiding you through various tweaks to help you.

I have been using AVG free Anti-Virus for many years and install it as first choice on other peoples machines.  Get yours here: http://free.grisoft.com/doc/avg-anti-virus-free/lng/us/tpl/v5

Ad-Aware Personal remains the most popular anti-spyware product for computer users around the world, with nearly one million downloads every week.

http://www.lavasoft.de/products/ad-aware_se_personal.php
Also worth using is ZoneAlarm free firewall available from http://www.zonealarm.com/store/content/company/products/znalm/freeDownload.jsp

SpywareGuard, SpywareBlaster and MRU-Blaster available for free from http://www.javacoolsoftware.com/products.html

The only thing that I would actually PAY for is XoftSpy, and it is only a one off payment with lifetime updates, and a free scan so you can test it and see what it finds. 

It’s available at http://www.linkbrander.com/go/34613

Also check your PC for free at http://pcpitstop.com/

Without your knowledge or explicit permission, the Windows networking technology which connects your computer to the Internet may be offering some or all of your computer’s data to the entire world at this very moment!  You can check your open Ports, File Sharing etc for Free at http://www.grc.com/default.htm

Simply scroll down the page to *Hot Spots* and click on ShieldsUp.

Finally for now, I would also recommend the use of CCleaner (formerly Crap Cleaner) is a freeware system optimization and privacy tool. It removes unused and temporary files from your system - allowing Windows to run faster, more efficiently and giving you more hard disk space. The best part is that it’s fast! (normally taking less than a second to run) and Free.

Cleans the following:

• Internet Explorer Cache, History, Cookies, Index.dat.
• Recycle Bin, Temporary files and Log files.
• Recently opened URLs and files.
• Third-party application temp files and recent file lists (MRUs).
  Including: Firefox, Opera, Media Player, eMule, Kazaa, Google Toolbar, Netscape, Office XP, Nero, Adobe Acrobat, WinRAR, WinAce, WinZip and more…
• Advanced Registry scanner and cleaner to remove unused and old entries.
  Including File Extensions, ActiveX Controls, ClassIDs, ProgIDs, Uninstallers, Shared DLLs, Fonts, Help Files, Application Paths, Icons, Invalid Shortcuts and more… Backup for registry clean.
• Windows Startup tool.

http://www.filehippo.com/download_ccleaner/

Hope that some of this is of some use to you.
Have a good day all

http://www.linkbrander.com/go/35000
http://www.linkbrander.com/go/33862
http://www.linkbrander.com/go/33863

Any problems then feel free to leave a comment and I will get back to you asap.

Fighting Spam

How prevalent is Spam?  According to Scott McAdams, OMA Public Affairs and Communications Department (www.oma.org):

“Studies show unsolicited or “junk” e-mail, known as spam, accounts for roughly half of all e-mail messages received. Although once regarded as little more than a nuisance, the prevalence of spam has increased to the point where many users have begun to express a general lack of confidence in the effectiveness of e-mail transmissions, and increased concern over the spread of computer viruses via unsolicited messages.”

In 2003, President Bush signed the  “Can Spam” bill, in December of 2003 which is the first national standards around bulk unsolicited commercial e-mail.  The bill, approved by the Senate by a vote of 97 to 0, prohibits senders of unsolicited commercial e-mail from using false return addresses to disguise their identity (spoofing) and the use of dictionaries to generate such mailers. In addition, it prohibits the use of misleading subject lines and requires that emails include and opt-out mechanism. The legislation also prohibits senders from harvesting addresses off Web sites. Violations constitute a misdemeanour crime subject to up to one year in jail. 

One major point that needs to be discussed about this: 

Spam is now coming from other countries in ever-greater numbers. These emails are harder to fight, because they come from outside our country’s laws and regulations.  Because the Internet opens borders and thinks globally, these laws are fine and good, but do not stop the problem.

So what do you do about this? 

Here are the top 5 Rules to do to protect from spam.

Number 1: 
Do what you can to avoid giving your email address out on
the net.  

There are products called “spam spiders” that search the Internet for email addresses to send email to.  If you are interested, do a search on “spam spider” and you will be amazed at what you get back.

Interestingly, there is a site, WebPoison.org, which is an open
source project geared to fight Internet “spambots” and “spam
spiders”, by giving them bogus HTML web pages, which contain bogus email addresses

A couple of suggestions for you: 

a) use form emails, which can hide addresses or also b) use addresses like sales@company.com instead of
your full address to help battle the problem. c) There are also
programs that encode your email, like jsGuard, which encodes your email address on web pages so that while spam spiders find it, it is difficult or impossible to read your email address.

Number 2: 
Get spam blocking software.  There are many programs out
there for this.  (go to www.cloudmark.com or www.mailwasher.net for example).  You may also buy a professional version.  Whatever you do, get the software. It will save you time.  The software is not foolproof, but they really do help.  You usually have to do some manual set up to block certain types of email.

Number 3:
Use the multiple email address approach.

There are a lot of free email addresses to be had.  If you must
subscribe to newsletters, then have a “back-up” email address. It would be like giving your cell phone number to your best friends and the business number to everyone else.

Number 4: 
Attachments from people you don’t know are BAD, BAD, BAD.

A common problem with spam is that they have attachments and attachments can have viruses.  Corporations often have filters that don’t let such things pass to you.  Personal email is far more “open country” for spammers. 

General rule of thumb:  if you do not know who is sending you something, DO NOT OPEN THE ATTACHMENT.  Secondly, look for services that offer filtering. Firewall vendors offer this type of service as well.

Number 5: 
Email services now have “bulk-mail” baskets.  If what you
use currently does not support this, think about moving to a new
vendor.  The concept is simple.  If you know someone, they can send you emails.  If you don’t know them, put them in the bulk email pile and then “choose” to allow them into your circle.  Spam Blocking software has this concept as well, but having extra layers seems critical these days, so it is worth looking into.

 Bob Matharoo has also written an interesting article on Spam,  check it out here

Phishing For Your Identity

Who hasn’t received an email directing them to visit a
familiar website where they are being asked to update their
personal information?  The website needs you to verify or
update your passwords, credit card numbers, social security
number, or even your bank account number.  You recognize
the business name as one that you’ve conducted business
with in the past.  So, you click on the convenient “take me
there” link and proceed to provide all the information they
have requested.  Unfortunately, you find out much later
that the website is bogus.  It was created with the sole
intent to steal your personal information.  You, my friend,
have just been “phished”.

Phishing (pronounced as “fishing”) is defined as the act
of sending an email to a recipient falsely claiming to have
an established, legitimate business.  The intent of the
phisher is to scam the recipient into surrendering their
private information, and ultimately steal your identity.

It is not at easy as you think to spot an email phishing
for information.  At first glance, the email may look like
it is from a legitimate company. The “From” field of the e-
mail may have the .com address of the company mentioned in
the e-mail.  The clickable link even appears to take you to
the company’s website, when in fact, it is a fake website
built to replicate the legitimate site.

Many of these people are professional criminals.  They
have spent a lot of time in creating emails that look
authentic.  Users need to review all emails requesting
personal information carefully.  When reviewing your email
remember that the “From Field” can be easily changed by the
sender.  While it may look like it is coming from a .com
you do business with, looks can be deceiving.  Also keep in
mind that the phisher will go all out in trying to make
their email look as legitimate as possible.  They will even
copy logos or images from the official site to use in their
emails.  Finally, they like to include a clickable link
that the recipient can follow to conveniently update their
information.
A great way to check the legitimacy of the link is to
point at the link with your mouse. Then, look in the bottom
left hand screen of your computer.  The actual website
address to which you are being directed will show up for
you to view.  It is a very quick and easy way to check if
you are being directed to a legitimate site.

Finally, follow the golden rule.  Never, ever, click the
links within the text of the e-mail, and always delete the
e-mail immediately. Once you have deleted the e-mail, empty
the trash box in your e-mail accounts as well. If you are
truly concerned that you are missing an important notice
regarding one of your accounts, then type the full URL
address of the website into your browser.  At least then
you can be confident that you are, in fact, being directed
to the true and legitimate website.

Why Do I Feel Like Somebody’s Watching Me?

Spyware is one of the fastest-growing internet threats.  According to the National Cyber Security Alliance, spyware infects more than 90% of all PCs today.  These unobtrusive, malicious programs are designed to silently bypass firewalls and anti-virus software without the user’s knowledge.  Once embedded in a computer, it can wreak havoc on the system’s performance while gathering your personal information.  Fortunately, unlike viruses and worms, spyware programs do not usually self-replicate. 

 

Where does it come from?

Typically, spyware originates in three ways.  The first and most common way is when the user installs it.  In this scenario, spyware is embedded, attached, or bundled with a freeware or shareware program without the user’s knowledge.  The user downloads the program to their computer.  Once downloaded, the spyware program goes to work collecting data for the spyware author’s personal use or to sell to a third-party.  Beware of many P2P file-sharing programs.  They are notorious for downloads that posses spyware programs.

The user of a downloadable program should pay extra attention to the accompanying licensing agreement.  Often the software publisher will warn the user that a spyware program will be installed along with the requested program.  Unfortunately, we do not always take the time to read the fine print.  Some agreements may provide special “opt-out” boxes that the user can click to stop the spyware from being included in the download.  Be sure to review the document before signing off on the download.

Another way that spyware can access your computer is by tricking you into manipulating the security features designed to prevent any unwanted installations.  The Internet Explorer Web browser was designed not to allow websites to start any unwanted downloads.  That is why the user has to initiate a download by clicking on a link.  These links can prove deceptive.  For example, a pop-up modeled after a standard Windows dialog box, may appear on your screen.  The message may ask you if you would like to optimize your internet access.  It provides yes or no answer buttons, but, no matter which button you push, a download containing the spyware program will commence. Newer versions of Internet Explorer are now making this spyware pathway a little more difficult.

Finally, some spyware applications infect a system by attacking security holes in the Web browser or other software.  When the user navigates a webpage controlled by a spyware author, the page contains code designed to attack the browser, and force the installation of the spyware program.

What can spyware programs do?

Spyware programs can accomplish a multitude of malicious tasks.  Some of their deeds are simply annoying for the user; others can become downright aggressive in nature.

Spyware can:

1.            Monitor your keystrokes for reporting purposes.

2.            Scan files located on your hard drive.

3.            Snoop through applications on our desktop.

4.            Install other spyware programs into your computer.

5.            Read your cookies.

6.            Steal credit card numbers, passwords, and other personal information.

7.            Change the default settings on your home page web browser.

8.            Mutate into a second generation of spyware thus making it more

         difficult to eradicate.

9.            Cause your computer to run slower.

10.        Deliver annoying pop up advertisements.

11.        Add advertising links to web pages for which the author does not get paid.  Instead, payment is directed to the spyware programmer that changed the original affiliate’s settings.

12.        Provide the user with no uninstall option and places itself in unexpected or hidden places within your computer making it difficult to remove.

Spyware Examples

Here are a few examples of commonly seen spyware programs.  Please note that while researchers will often give names to spyware programs, they may not match the names the spyware-writers use. 

CoolWebSearch, a group of programs, that install through “holes” found in Internet Explorer. These programs direct traffic to advertisements on Web sites including coolwebsearch.com. This spyware nuisance displays pop-up ads, rewrites search engine results, and alters the computer host file to direct the Domain Name System (DNS) to lookup preselected sites. 

Internet Optimizer (a/k/a DyFuCa), likes to redirect Internet Explorer error pages to advertisements. When the user follows the broken link or enters an erroneous URL, a page of advertisements pop up.

180 Solutions reports extensive information to advertisers about the Web sites which you visit.  It also alters HTTP requests for affiliate advertisements linked from a Web site.  Therefore the 180 Solutions Company makes an unearned profit off of the click through advertisements they’ve altered.

HuntBar (a/k/a WinTools) or Adware.Websearch, is distributed by Traffic Syndicate and is installed by ActiveX drive-by downloading at affiliate websites or by advertisements displayed by other spyware programs.  It’s a prime example of how spyware can install more spyware.   These programs will add toolbars to Internet Explorer, track Web browsing behavior, and display advertisements.

How can I prevent spyware?

There are a couple things you can do to prevent spyware from infecting your computer system.  First, invest in a reliable commercial anti-spyware program.

I recommend you follow this link  http://www.linkbrander.com/go/34613 and read more and you can also scan your PC for free. There are several others on the market including stand alone software packages such as Lavasoft’s Ad-Aware available for free at http://www.lavasoft.de/products/ad-aware_se_personal.php or Windows Antispyware.  Other options provide the anti-spyware software as part of an anti-virus package.  This type of option is offered by companies such as Sophos, Symantec, and McAfee. Anti-spyware programs can combat spyware by providing real-time protection, scanning, and removal of any found spyware software.   As with most programs, update your anti virus software frequently. 

As discussed, the Internet Explorer (IE) is often a contributor to the spyware problem because spyware programs like to attach themselves to its functionality.  Spyware enjoys penetrating the IE’s weaknesses.  Because of this, many users have switched to non-IE browsers.  However, if you prefer to stick with Internet Explorer, be sure to update the security patches regularly, and only download programs from reputable sources.  This will help reduce your chances of a spyware infiltration.

 

And, when all else fails?

Finally, if your computer has been infected with a large number of spyware programs, the only solution you may have is backing up your data, and performing a complete reinstall of the operating system.